Examples of Electrical, Thermal Conductors Insulators

Instances of Electrical, Thermal Conductors Insulators  A material that promptly transmits vitality is a conductor, while one that oppose vitality move is called a separator. There are various kinds of conductors and encasings in light of the fact that there are various types of vitality. Materials that lead electrons, protons, or particles are electrical channels. They lead power. Generally, electrical conveyors have inexactly bound electrons. Materials that direct warmth are warm channels. Substances that move sound are acoustical conductors. There are relating covers for each sort of conductor. Numerous materials are both electrical and warm channels or protectors. Be that as it may, there are exemptions, so dont accept on the grounds that an example conducts (protects) ​one type of vitality that it carries on the equivalent for different structures! Metals ordinarily direct both warmth and power. Carbon conducts ​electricity as graphite, however protects as precious stone, so the structure or allotrope of a material can be significant. Instances of Electrical Conductors silveraluminum foilgoldcoppergraphitesteelbrassbronze Instances of Electrical Insulators glassplasticrubberporcelainairpure waterdry paperdry wood Instances of Thermal Conductors diamondsilvergold Instances of Thermal Insulators polystyrene foamwatermineral woolplastic

Why is an understanding of Emotional Intelligence essential for Essay

For what reason is a comprehension of Emotional Intelligence basic for rehearsing administrators - Essay Example A significant part of the discussion in today’s corporate world is encompassing the inquiry whether scholastic greatness and specialized preparing alone are adequate in working up a productive administrator. The recently advanced idea of Emotional Intelligence has represented a genuine danger to the customary thought of Intelligence Quotient as a measuring stick of estimating administrative greatness. This article serves to thoroughly investigate the idea of Emotional Intelligence and fundamentally dissect its centrality in the life of rehearsing administrators. Passionate Intelligence alludes to the limit of a person to perceive, assess and control his own feelings and the feelings of others. The main complete use of the term is ascribed to Wayne Payne in his theory A Study of Emotion: Developing Emotional Intelligenceâ (1985). When Payne, numerous different researchers like Beldoch, Leuner, Greenspan, Peter Salovey and John Mayer had referenced the term in their works. Anyw ay the term Emotional Intelligence got wide acknowledgment and acknowledgment in the year 1995 after the distribution of Daniel Goleman’s work Emotional Intelligence - Why it can matter more than IQ. The term got support through Goleman’s further distributions on the equivalent theme.... The Ability Theory, set forward by Salovey and Mayer, presents the possibility of another sort of knowledge. The hypothesis characterizes Emotional Intelligence as-The capacity to see feeling, coordinate feeling to encourage thought, get feelings and to manage feelings to advance self-awareness. It considers feelings as a wellspring of data that causes an individual to understand and direct through his social condition. As indicated by this hypothesis, Emotional Intelligence is an assortment of four sorts of capacities seeing, utilizing, understanding and overseeing feelings. (Salovey, 2005). The Trait Theory propounded by British clinician K.V. Petrides characterizes Emotional Intelligence based on an individual’s self-recognition about his enthusiastic capacities. According to this hypothesis, Emotional Intelligence is a star grouping of enthusiastic self-discernments situated at the lower levels of character. It depends on four prime principles prosperity, poise, emotionali ty and friendliness. (Petrides, 2007; Leutner, 2011). As opposed to the capacity and quality speculations, it is the Mixed Theory that offers an increasingly thorough diagram of the idea of Emotional Intelligence. The hypothesis was proposed by Daniel Goleman in his work What Makes A Leader. He regards Emotional Intelligence as a lot of abilities and skills that starts initiative. Enthusiastic Competencies are not natural gifts but rather learned capacities that must be worked upon. Or on the other hand as it were, individuals may have intrinsic Emotional Intelligence, however they need to gain Emotional Competency through their own endeavors. Goleman diagrams five significant parameters which establish Emotional Intelligence, which are

What Are You Wearing Non-Creepy Books About Clothes

What Are You Wearing Non-Creepy Books About Clothes While we at the Riot take some time off to rest and catch up on our  reading, were re-running some of our  favorite posts from the last several months. Enjoy our highlight reel, and well be back with new stuff on Monday, January 5th. This post originally ran November 9, 2014. _________________________ Clothing is important enough for everyone (except for a handful of ecdysiasts) to wear every single day of their lives, but its not something thats usually considered worth discussing. Sure, friends can chat about it while they shop, and maybe an author can dwell on the sumptuous costumes of her characters if shes writing historical romance, but asking What are you wearing? is not a fit topic for serious conversation or serious writing. That question can sound altogether mundane or totally creepy, depending on the circumstances. (Not as creepy to my ears as the one that gets asked on red carpets,Who are you wearing? but still.) A subject thats somehow too boring and too erotically fraught at the same time? How is that possible? Oh right, because sexism. Clothes are a woman thing, so even though theyre almost as ubiquitous as oxygen, theyre pushed to the periphery. Not always, though. There are a couple of recent books that treat clothes with respect without forgetting to have fun while they do it. Worn Stories, edited by Emily Spivack, is a collection of memoir[s] in miniature that includes photos and reminiscences from more than sixty thoughtful contributors, including fashion designers, musicians, artists, actors, and comedians. Each one chooses a personally significant piece of clothing and explains how it came to enter the wardrobe. Its simple in concept, but complex in execution as the stories unfold. There are timeless hand-me-downs that inspire heartfelt family tales and also trendy one-off items that evoke very specific moments. For example, designer Simon Doonan shares a pair of garish New Wave leggings that summon up the aerobics and AIDS epidemics of the 1980s like ghosts. My favorite entry is hard to pick, but I think its intellectual funnyman John Hodgmans, in which he shows off the dowdy dress he wore when he toured in the persona of Ayn Rand. Sheila Heti (How Should a Person Be?), Heidi Julavits (The Vanishers), and Leanne Shapton (Swimming Studies) are very much writers of the now, and their latest contribution to the zeitgeist is Women in Clothes, a mammoth and beatiful compendium of interviews and essays. Says the publisher, It is essentially a conversation among hundreds of women of all nationalitiesâ€"famous, anonymous, religious, secular, married, single, young, oldâ€"on the subject of clothing, and how the garments we put on every day define and shape our lives. Its intelligent without being academically dry, exhaustive without being exhausting. You can read it straight through in a single sitting (if youre not doing anything else with your weekend) or dip into it briefly for insight and amusement. Even leafing through it for the images is pretty spectacular. You can get a taste of what these three sharp-minded editors are up to via this conversation they had with The Rumpus. Two remarkable books, but they shouldnt be so remarkable, if you know what I mean. Why cant we have more like them? ____________________ Did you know that Book Riot has a  YouTube channel? We do. It’s new and we are having fun with it. Check it out  here.

What Are You Wearing Non-Creepy Books About Clothes

What Are You Wearing Non-Creepy Books About Clothes While we at the Riot take some time off to rest and catch up on our  reading, were re-running some of our  favorite posts from the last several months. Enjoy our highlight reel, and well be back with new stuff on Monday, January 5th. This post originally ran November 9, 2014. _________________________ Clothing is important enough for everyone (except for a handful of ecdysiasts) to wear every single day of their lives, but its not something thats usually considered worth discussing. Sure, friends can chat about it while they shop, and maybe an author can dwell on the sumptuous costumes of her characters if shes writing historical romance, but asking What are you wearing? is not a fit topic for serious conversation or serious writing. That question can sound altogether mundane or totally creepy, depending on the circumstances. (Not as creepy to my ears as the one that gets asked on red carpets,Who are you wearing? but still.) A subject thats somehow too boring and too erotically fraught at the same time? How is that possible? Oh right, because sexism. Clothes are a woman thing, so even though theyre almost as ubiquitous as oxygen, theyre pushed to the periphery. Not always, though. There are a couple of recent books that treat clothes with respect without forgetting to have fun while they do it. Worn Stories, edited by Emily Spivack, is a collection of memoir[s] in miniature that includes photos and reminiscences from more than sixty thoughtful contributors, including fashion designers, musicians, artists, actors, and comedians. Each one chooses a personally significant piece of clothing and explains how it came to enter the wardrobe. Its simple in concept, but complex in execution as the stories unfold. There are timeless hand-me-downs that inspire heartfelt family tales and also trendy one-off items that evoke very specific moments. For example, designer Simon Doonan shares a pair of garish New Wave leggings that summon up the aerobics and AIDS epidemics of the 1980s like ghosts. My favorite entry is hard to pick, but I think its intellectual funnyman John Hodgmans, in which he shows off the dowdy dress he wore when he toured in the persona of Ayn Rand. Sheila Heti (How Should a Person Be?), Heidi Julavits (The Vanishers), and Leanne Shapton (Swimming Studies) are very much writers of the now, and their latest contribution to the zeitgeist is Women in Clothes, a mammoth and beatiful compendium of interviews and essays. Says the publisher, It is essentially a conversation among hundreds of women of all nationalitiesâ€"famous, anonymous, religious, secular, married, single, young, oldâ€"on the subject of clothing, and how the garments we put on every day define and shape our lives. Its intelligent without being academically dry, exhaustive without being exhausting. You can read it straight through in a single sitting (if youre not doing anything else with your weekend) or dip into it briefly for insight and amusement. Even leafing through it for the images is pretty spectacular. You can get a taste of what these three sharp-minded editors are up to via this conversation they had with The Rumpus. Two remarkable books, but they shouldnt be so remarkable, if you know what I mean. Why cant we have more like them? ____________________ Did you know that Book Riot has a  YouTube channel? We do. It’s new and we are having fun with it. Check it out  here.

The Affirmative Policy Brief The U.s.f.g Should Ban Sale...

Julie M. Nguyen The Affirmative Policy Brief The U.S.F.G should ban the sale of super-hero related products intended for minors Definitions of key terms: (found in Cambridge dictionary) Minor=under 18 years old Superhero= a character in stories or movies who has special powers, such as the ability to fly, that are used for fighting evil or helping people Products= something that is made to be sold, esp. something produced by an industrial process. I argue that we should impose a ban on the sale of superhero related products intended for minors. Superhero items stunts development because of violence and imagination confining scripted toys. We, therefore, should turn to different types of activities that foster a safer environment and healthier attitude towards play time. Children are easily impressionable so it is necessary to monitor the play time in which they partake in. Contention one: The Problem here is superhero items promote violence. Claim: We are setting an example to children that it is okay to use force or violence to attain goals or solve a problem. Superhero play can romanticize fighting and killing and foster unnecessary aggression. Superhero television shows can undermine conflict resolution skills and desensitize children to violence. We can‘t ignore all these impacts. Evidence: The National Coalition on Television Violence brought to light Dr. Thomas Radecki’s words that, The cartoon and violent toy studies show that these materials cause children

Marriot Case - 633 Words

Alexandria Cooker Group Project 2 1. Manage rather than own hotel asset: holding the whole hotel assets is more risky than just managing the hotel. Normally management fees are 3% of the revenue plus 20% of the profits before depreciation. After the company was developed, Marriot sold the hotel assets to limited partners but retained management. By controlling their costs and resources its easier for them to achieve their goals because they can decrease costs and employees’ salary will be better as well as customer service quality. Invest in projects that increase shareholder value: Marriott is focused on project, which will give a potential return. To invest in projects that increase shareholder value is good for growth. Marriott†¦show more content†¦Beta: you need to first compute unlevered asset beta and then compute the levered equity beta using Risk free rate should be consistent with the time horizon Long-term equity risk premium can be a good estimate of market risk premium 7. Cost of debt = 8.72% + 1.4% = 10.12% Cost of equity = 8.72% + 1.76 * 7.43% = 21.8% WACC=((1 - 0.44) * 10.12% * 40%) + 21.8% * 60%= 15.35% 8. We can use the WACC only if the investment possibilities have similar characteristics. Investments should be related to the sector and covered in similar industries if we want to use the same WACC. 9. The hurdle rate is usually used to classify reasonable investments and a single rate could lead to wrong decisions. Risky investments may appear more profitable as they actually are and less risky projects may appear less reasonable and profitable. 10. This could increase the operating risk and so affect the profit in a negative way. It only could be favorable if all projects would have the same beta factor. 11. Hurdle rates are the required rate of return used in capital budgeting. Simply put, hurdle rates are based on the firm’s WACC. Divisional hurdle rates are sometimes used because firms are not internally homogeneous in terms of risk. 12. Lodging division= 9.61% Contract services/restaurant= 14.66% 13.Show MoreRelatedMarriot Case1265 Words   |  6 Pagesbondholders since in this case the debt being held by Marriott Corporation (MC) is risky. Project Chariot aims to create MII with low debt and HMC with high debt. Thus bondholders will find that their investment gets tied to risky real estate assets whose appreciation is uncertain. Food management which is a major segment of MC remains with MII. Thus Project Chariot aims to give shareholders the business upside and bondholders the real-estate downside. Hence this appears to be a case of risk shifting. ShareholdersRead MoreMarriot Corp Case: Cost of Capital1126 Words   |  5 Pagesservice distribution. The company headquarters are in Washington, D. C. The vice president of project finance at Marriott Corporation, prepares recommendations annually for the hurdle rates at each of the firm ¡Ã‚ ¯s three divisions. In this reflective case, the company ¡Ã‚ ¯s policies and strategies related with hurdle rates and cost of capital are discussed. In the above context, the company ¡Ã‚ ¯s policy of repurchasing its shares is also reviewed ; particularly, it focuses on the financial effects there mayRead MoreMarriot Restructuring This is a case study on the restructuring plan of Marriot Corporation by splitting itself into two companies, namely, Marriot International and Host Marriot.1719 Words   |  7 PagesMARRIOTT RESTRUCTURING A Written Analysis of a Case by Lloyd Ty Brief Synopsis of Data On October 5, 1992, Marriott Corporation announced their plan to restructure the company by splitting itself into two separate companies. The first of the two companies, Marriott International (MI), would manage and franchise over 700 hotels and motels. In addition, it would manage food and facilities for several thousand businesses, schools, retirement homes and health-care providers. 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Lastly analytics takes a devoted group of people and infrastructure, according to Davenport the â€Å"most successful analytical competitors take an enterprise approach to analytics† [7] In the last 20 years Marriot has adopted a drudgery incursion into its revenue management, the reason is simpleRead MoreMarriott Wacc Case Study Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesMarriot Case Marriot use the Weighted Average Cost of Capital to estimate the cost of capital for the corporation as a whole and for each division, and the hurdle rate is updated annually.(WACC = (1-Tc) * (D/A) * R[D] + (E/A) * R[E]) Marriot’s Tax Bracket = 175.9/398.9 = 44% Division’s asset weight to the corporation: Lodging = 2777.4/4582.7 = 0.59 Contract = 1237.7/4582.7 = 0.28 Restaurant = 567.6/4582.7 = 0.13 Risk free rate is 30 years T-Bond = 8.95% (Lodging use long-term debt) Read MoreMarriott Group Pricing Optimizer Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesMarriot – Group Pricing Optimizer Revenue management has been a system long used by the airline industry to optimize revenue on airline routes. Marriott implemented their own revenue management One Yield system twenty years ago to optimize individual guest room rates and allocation. One Yield is used in 97 percent of Marriott’s 3,300 hotels in 70 different countries to handle over 75 million individual guest room transactions per year. Recently, Marriott decided to move from One YieldRead MoreLOOK BOOK Essay719 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿interoffice memorandum Principles of MArketing BUSI 265 to: Professor Fulbright from: khambrea Johnkins subject: Marriott Case study date: February 24, 2014 1. Look at the characteristics of survey research outlined in Exhibit 9.2, and analyze Marriott Mobiles’ mobile feedback system with respect to these characteristics. Cost: Marriott Mobile surveys were a sufficient expense. 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What extra information would you try to acquire in a real life situation? Case 2: Chem-Cal Corporation 1. How do you calculate the WACC for this firm? 2. What is the cost of capital of the debt, preferred stock, and common stock (assume the equity beta is 1.22)? 3. Calculate the WACC. How can a WACC be used

Survival of the Fittest Applied to War and Why It Takes...

Charles Darwin’s idea of survival of the fittest can be applied to war: the best-fit and more powerful antagonist will survive. It is the victors who gain status, resources, and/or territory from their win. Thus, war is an inevitable element of human existence due to social influences, global progress, and disagreement among countries. War is inevitable because it is accepted and taught by society. People are taught to fight with weapons and learn to fear those who are deemed a threat. While people are blinded by the propaganda that war will ultimately bring peace and war is fought for a cause, the reality is, countries go to war to gain power, territory, and resources. War will always continue if soon-to-be soldiers romanticize it; soldiers want to be a part of something bigger and participating in war is advertised as making a positive difference. In a memoir, Caputo said that soldiers went to war without any knowledge and full of illusions, and often left with the idea that they were doing something for their country. In reality, any excuse for war is possible as long as it is seen as a necessary method to protect the country (Wilson). While this ideological patriotism prevails, there will always be a soldier willing to join the military in an act of patriotism. They will be seen as heroes of a noble act; soldiers believe they are repelling an aggressor by fighting and even dying for their country. Just as E.O. Wilson believes that wherever there is an enemy, soldiersShow MoreRelatedConsiderations for the Future Adaptation and Evolution of Homos in Space1173 Words   |  5 Pagesshelter - although challenging, will be resolved as they have been settled during past explorations. Christopher Columbuss attempt to find a shorter route to India, and his ultimate discovery of the New World, had these needs to consider for the survival of both his crew and himself. How will we meet the challenges that confront us while exploring and attempting to adapt to new environments? The answer may be found by looking at technologies that have worked for us both in the past as well as inRead MoreAmerican Imperialism and the Colonization of the Philippines Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Philippines The irony of the 1898 Spanish-American war was that Americans fought partly to aid Cubans in the fight for Cuban sovereignty, and the United States ended up colonizing some territories they won from Spain, like the Philippines. Despite America’s previous claims of only supporting independence and democracy, the United States became an imperialist power and colonized the Philippines (Introduction to the Spanish-American war and the Filipino insurgency in the assignment sheet). 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Each person today - no matter their gender, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbRead MoreEssay on Overview of British Imperialism2230 Words   |  9 Pagesscientific concept of natural selection applied to real life. The theory of natural selection, developed by Charles Darwin, stated that in nature, the organisms that are best adapted will survive and those that are not will eventually die out. Social Darwinism takes this concept, applies it to humans and states that if a culture or kingdom cannot protect itself from other cultures kingdoms, it should not exist. This is where the term survival of the fittest comes from; only the strongest culturesRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pages1841, he practiced the profession of civil engineer as an employee of the London and Birmingham Railway. 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Evaluation Of The Five Dimensions †Complete solution of free Sample

Question: Evaluate yourself in terms of cognitive moral development and locus of control, eithical decision-making style, Moral disengagement, and Machiavellianism what does this tell you about your own ethical decision making? Answer: Introduction The study is based on business ethics and the various sections that it consists, which can be at times of huge significance on the personality of the individual. Moreover, the study will also help the learner gain excessive amount of knowledge regarding the five dimensions that has been stated within the assignment. Meanwhile, the five dimensions of cognitive moral development, locus of control, ethical decision making style, moral disengagement, and Machiavellianism have been studied broadly within the assignment in the desired divisions and as per the need of the assignment (Moon, 2009, p. 27). Furthermore, these five dimensions are demonstrated and experienced on a known person and his reactions to these are stated within the study as well. Evaluation of the five dimensions Cognitive moral development This section determines that the moral development matures with the maturity of the individual. Moreover, it can also be referred as the surviving through the various stages of maturity and getting capable of making ethical decisions (Castro, 2012, p. 181). One of my close friends, who have grown with me from childhood and I have noticed that he had some massive good habits which even lead him to a respected man in the society. This came to my notice when he helped one of the flood victims whom we meet during our journey to office. However, helping the victim is not that a huge deed but the amount he paid to the victim was quiet big and the most pivotal element in this is everyone was facing a inflation at that span of time. Locus of control This section indicates the kind of positive and negative reactions that an individual makes during various events of life (Garaventa, 2014, p. 535). My friend who is quiet polite and helpful in nature believes in the various sections of luck, time etc. However, once in school days, he was punished for not doing the homework, despite he has done it. The event occurred as he lost the home work copy on his way to school and afterwards he said to me that he was unlucky regarding the happening of this event. Ethical decision making style Though my friend is polite and positive in nature, but on the other hand he just does not stand any kind of nonsense regarding the professional life. One of the events cleared this fact regarding him. The event started in the business section that he has, as he once got excessively angry and fired one of the employee of his firm due to the sick attitude of that employee. However, the employee pleaded for apology but still he never listed to the employee and stuck to his decision though he is one of the most pleasant and kind human being I have ever meet. Moral disengagement The section of moral disengagement can prove my friend of huge negative in nature as he has a bad habit of consuming alcohol. He is not at all addictive to smoking but at the same time he has an intense habit of consuming alcohol. These got even excessive when he was going through a bad phase of life. Though the situation has improved a lot but this habit of him has not improved. He also says that people should do what they like and alcohol is not that damageable as smoking to human health. Hence, it can be stated that my friend has a huge negative nature in regards to the section of moral disengagement (Goodpaster, 2009, p. 53). Machiavellianism This section of Machiavellianism refers the kind of persons who can do anything to reach their goals or persons who can do whatever it takes to make the things go their way and in their directed way as well (Businesscasestudies.co.uk, 2015). My friend is one of the stubborn people that I have meet still date as he makes things happen which he thinks or wants to achieve in life. Moreover, these practices have even led him to negative as well as positive results in life. Once, in his business some dealer wanted some time to deliver goods but he wanted the goods within four hours which the dealer denied. Then he cancelled out all the other orders that he has previously made to the dealer. The dealer hence became bound to listen to him and deliver within four hours as cancelling the other orders means a lot of loss to the dealer. Conclusion The study brings us to the conclusion that people are of types and can never be judged by any one element of characteristics. Hence, it is of utmost importance that the evaluation of the major dimensions should be made which is learnt throughout the study. Reference List Books Moon, C. (2009). Business ethics. London: Economist. Grace, D. and Cohen, S. (2011). Business ethics. Australia: Oxford University Press. Journals Castro, B. (2012). Business Ethics: Knowing Ourselves. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(2), p.181. Garaventa, E. (2014). A Tool for Teaching Business Ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(3), p.535. Goodpaster, K. (2009). Business Ethics Analysis. Business Ethics Quarterly, 1(1), p.53. Website Businesscasestudies.co.uk, (2015). What are business ethics? - Business ethics and corporate social responsibility - social media and information | Business Case Studies. [online] Available at: https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/anglo-american/business-ethics-and-corporate-social-responsibility/what-are-business-ethics.html#axzz3aZL8HNLH [Accessed 19 May 2015].

The Battle of the Somme Essay Example

The Battle of the Somme Essay Source A is an extract of comments made by Jack Cousins on atelevision interview years after the war. Youll find the barbed wire infront of the German trenches blown away. However it had just been thrown about and got tangled even more. This source is fairly reliable and it is determined by this statement. This source gives the impression that the battle should not have been fought because as Jack Cousins stated wrong information was given, so the battle was wrong as soldiers were not fully prepared for the things they faced. Source B was written by a historian, B.H Liddle Hart, for a book in 1972. This source is from endless research and interviews. German machine gunners had perfected to a three minute drill because the first day didnt go well, this statement is also fairly reliable and the source is written by a historian, this gives its more reliablity. However this source again shows the battle should not have been fought as Germans had better weapons and could use them affectively as the British had poor and obsolete weaponry which makes it unfair and a one sided battle. The Germans had a better prospective of winning. Also soldiers on the British side were mislead by their commanding officers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Battle of the Somme specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Battle of the Somme specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Battle of the Somme specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Source C was written by a well known historian A.J.P.Taylor, for yet another book in 1979. Agian his information came from endless research and his own knowledge. German machine gunners had perfected to a three minute drill this statement is more than likely true as the first day didnt go well for either side. The historian is well known for his accurate information on topics like the war so this source is fairly reliable. However whether the battle should have been fought or not cannot be determined by this source, this source just shows that the Germans were more prepared for what they faced, than the British army. Source D is Russel Bradshaw, a soldiers account of the crossing of no mans land. This source could be reliable because of his first hand knowledge of it, but it could still be inaccurate. Because it is his own opinion of the instructions to cross no mans land at a slow pace he could be biased and could have given incorrect information. Because this source may not be that reliable the descision on whether it should have been fought or not is hard to determine, because it could be a biased opinion. However if a descision had to be made it would agree that the battle should not have been fought because the crossing of no mans land at a slow pace could have been suicide. Source E is a frame from the Britsh official film of the Battle of the Somme, shown in cinemas in August 1916. This piece of film is definately a piece of propaganda as it will not show the full horrors of war because it could cause uproar within the nation. Also any single man standing over the top, as shown in the frame, would have been shot almost instantly. This piece of film could not be seen as reliable because it is a piece of propaganda, however the rest of the film would obviously have some elements of truth. But this piece of film agrees that the battle should not have been fought because if the government had to hide the truth, the truth must have been bad for it not to be shown to the public. Source F is a cartoon of a fist representing the Brtish army punching Kaiser Wilhelm on the nose, printed on the 2nd July 1916 in a British newspaper. The headline read the day goes well for our patriotic heroes. This cartoon is also a piece of propaganda, fake information given to protect the British public from the truth of not doing so well on the first day. As source N shows the first day didnt go well as 19,420 men were killed on the first day. This source also agrees that the battle should not have been fought because the great loss of men on the first day, they had to hide it from the british public, as it could cause uproar and people would refuse to fight so their morales were kept high so more men would join to fight and without the men, the battle could not have been fought well enough to win. Source G is a statement on the Battle of the Somme written in a letter to General Haig, from Lloyd George in 1916. It talks about how well everything was going and how good the plans were, i can say that the heartening news of the last few days has confirmed our anticipation and hopes that the tide has now turned in our favor. In this quote he is really optimistic about it all because the war is still going on he has to protect the nation from the truth. This source is reliable because it has come from Lloyd George but it is not reliable because the war is still going on and he has to le to stop uproar throughout the nation. So this source states that everthing is good but this is not true but his statement agrees that the battle should have been fought because everything is going well and it is helping to gain a better prospective of winning the war. Source H is also a another statement made by Lloyd George but, after his fall from Prime Minister. A statement from his book published 1933-39. This source states how bad it actually was and Lloyd Georges opinion of it all had changed, he talks about it is claimed that the Battle of the Somme destroyed the old German army by killing off its best officers and men. It killed off far more of our best. This statement is very reliable as he does not have to lie anymore because the war is over and he is not Prime Minister anymore so he can say what he likes. So this source agrees that the battle should not have been fought as it went really bad for the British and many good men were killed. Source I is an extract from a letter writen by Lord Bryce on the the 29th July 1916. He visited the Fourth Army Headquarters, a chateau and park in France. Haig and Rawlinson, Battle Director and Commander-in-Chief at the time seemed to believe the German forces were coming to their last legs. Germans had few reserves, even German officer prisoners doubt escape of defeat. These statements Are acked up by Source J but the two officers did exagerate to make themselves look good to the politician. The politician had never been to the front lines himself so he was an easy subject to mislead. This source is and isnt reliable because of the two officers exageration and because of their knowledge of the front lines. But this source agrees that the battle should not have been fought as if they had to exagerate to make it sound as if everything were fine it couldnt have been going that well so the battle should not have been fought. Source J is an extract from a letter home from a German officer in August 1916, he was later killed in October. This German officer talks about how Ghastly life was on the front lines and how the village of Martinpuich that was once quiet and peacful was now a region of horror and despair. This meant the Germans werent doing well so the British obviously were,so this source does agree with source I . It is very reliable as it has come from a German telling us that the British were doing well. This Source also agrees that the battle should not have been fought as it was causing horror and despair. Source K is information taken from Haigs despatchon the 23rd December 1916. At thos time the Battle of the Somme had finished for over a month. Haig set his objectives after the Battle had finished but they still might have been achieved. The objectives were threefold: 1) To relieve pressure on Verdun. 2) To assist our allies in other theatres of war by stopping any further transfer of German troops from the western front. 3) To wear down the strength of the forces opposed to us. Haig would have definately acheived these objectives as he set them after the war he would have based them on things that had been achieved throughout the battle. This source is reliable as these were official documents concerning objectives. This source alone cannot determine an answer to whether or not the battle should have been fought. As it just states what objectives were set. Source L is an extract from a report sent to the British Cabinet by Haig December 1919. This source is information on the effects of the Battle of the Somme. Haigs opinion of the effects were practically beaten men, thoroughly tired of the war. These both prove Objective three was acheived as forces opposed were being worn down. This source is reliable as these are also extracts from officail documents. This source agrees that the battle should have been fought as it plays a great part of the eventual defeat of Germany. Source M is an extract from a German Generals book published 1919. This source talks about the British and how well they were doing. But because it came from a German General it can be believed, because why would he lie after the war has finished and it is the British he is supporting. Entente worked their way further into German lines this statment is in comparison to all three objectives, because if the Entente worked their way into German lines it was wearing down the enemy so more men would have to be sent there, thus relieving pressure on Verdun and stopping the further transfer of troops. This Source is reliable as it came from a German. This source also agrees that the battle should have been fought because again it played a great part in the eventual defeat of Germany. Source N are the figures of men lost on the first day and the total losses by the end of the battle. 1st July 1916, 19,420 British killed, by the end of the battle in total of all sides 1,070,000 dead. The battle only lasted for 5 months and so many lives were lost in such a short space of time. This source is reliable as they are official figures, this source agrees that the battle shoud not have been fought as so many men lost their lives in the short amount of time of 5 months. In conclusion from analysing thoroughly the sources and information provided it would seem that the morgority of the sources would agree that the battle should not have been fought for various reasons. However a final descision will never be made as there are so many points to be analysed and discussed. No-one will ever come to a conclusion because everyone has different opinions.

Free Essays on I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud

worth uses various natural phenomena, such as clouds, daffodils and waves, as devices to characterize his speaker’s different stages of emotion and feeling. The first few lines of the poem portrays the speaker’s initial emotion. â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud, that floats on high o’er vales and hills,† the speaker is described as a â€Å"cloud,† lonely, aimless, and cruising quickly and lightly through â€Å"vales† and â€Å"hills.† A vision of the daffodils moved him to a state of being connected to something, as the poet wrote, â€Å"When all at once I saw a crowd, a host, of golden daffodils.† The concord and harmony of the â€Å"dancing daffodils† replaced his feeling of loneliness; he is no longer a â€Å"lonely cloud.† As the twinkling stars in the milky way, and the sparkling dancing waves appeared in the second stanza, they danced along with the â€Å"ten thousand† daffodils, a new state emerged for the speaker, he started to realize the world of interconnection and relationship. He sees the universe as a harmonious whole, in which every subject reflects a nd echoes the other. The daffodils became the speaker’s companions in the third stanza, and they were describing as â€Å"the jocund company† by the poet. He enjoys the company of the dancing daffodils, which brings him happiness and joy. As the poem goes on, the second emotion from the speaker occurs in the last stanza: the state of â€Å"solitude.† â€Å"For oft, when on my couch I lie, in vacant or in pensive mood, they flash upon t... Free Essays on I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud Free Essays on I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† by William Wordsworth, a poem that discloses the relationship between nature and human beings: how nature can affect one’s emotion and behavior with its motion and sound. The words the author adopted in this poem are interconnected and related to each other. They are simple yet profound, letting us understand how much William Wordsworth related his works to nature and the universe. In the poem, William Wordsworth uses various natural phenomena, such as clouds, daffodils and waves, as devices to characterize his speaker’s different stages of emotion and feeling. The first few lines of the poem portrays the speaker’s initial emotion. â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud, that floats on high o’er vales and hills,† the speaker is described as a â€Å"cloud,† lonely, aimless, and cruising quickly and lightly through â€Å"vales† and â€Å"hills.† A vision of the daffodils moved him to a state of being connected to something, as the poet wrote, â€Å"When all at once I saw a crowd, a host, of golden daffodils.† The concord and harmony of the â€Å"dancing daffodils† replaced his feeling of loneliness; he is no longer a â€Å"lonely cloud.† As the twinkling stars in the milky way, and the sparkling dancing waves appeared in the second stanza, they danced along with the â€Å"ten thousand† daffodils, a new state emerged for the speaker, he started to realize the world of interconnection and relationship. He sees the universe as a harmonious whole, in which every subject reflects a nd echoes the other. The daffodils became the speaker’s companions in the third stanza, and they were describing as â€Å"the jocund company† by the poet. He enjoys the company of the dancing daffodils, which brings him happiness and joy. As the poem goes on, the second emotion from the speaker occurs in the last stanza: the state of â€Å"solitude.† â€Å"For oft, when on my couch I lie, in vacant or in pensive mood, they flash upon t...

Constitutional Court in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Constitutional Court in Europe - Essay Example The need for an effective and uniform EC law applying within national legal orders in compliance to a voluntary limitation f sovereignty by Member States is critical to the concept f integration. By considering the fact that supremacy is ultimately perceived throughout national courts to be a monolithic holy concept which bears tremendous implications if removed or limited, the question is then raised as to how Member States receive the 'supreme nature' f Community Law. In attempting to clarify the need for a supreme legal authority for integration, I will examine the supremacy f EC law and state its Treaty position with particular emphasis on significant case-laws that have shaped the supremacy debate. Furthermore, I will observe the Constitutionalization f the Treaty system, looking at the interplay f the doctrine f direct effect and doctrine f supremacy; under what conditions Member States might be provoked to challenge the authority f the ECJ; the expanding competence f the ECJ which now includes a political and judicial interplay f decision-making; and conclude with a look at what the Constitutional Treaty would have signified in terms f legalizing the doctrine f suprem acy and how the rejection has started questioning whether the Community law should be considered above and beyond national laws and if it has gone too far already. The role f the European Court f Justice in developing the legal means for the integration process and constructing a constitution from the Treaty f Rome is a fundamental factor in the eventual expansion f the Community into its form as a Union f soon to be 27 Member States. In order to understand the evolution f the ECJ from its initially idealized form designed by the Member States so that it "could not significantly compromise national sovereignty or national interest", to a judicial organ that entailed national legal organs to acknowledge its supremacy through "significant nonincremental adaptation f Community law, abandoning deeply entrenched, constitutive principles", an insight into the logic behind legal integration needs to be discussed. In respect to the relationship between legal integration and Member States, the neofunctionalist model f integration seeks to explain the role f both supranational and subnational actors and why nation-states accept the eventual infiltration f the Community law into the spheres f their national laws, which demands full jurisdiction and a limitation to their sovereignty. Legal integration, as perceived by the neofunctionalist model, is a two way process in which supranational and subnational actors both seek to further their own interests by respectively accepting and acceding certain rights and obligations in return for long term benefits, in a "'functional domain' shielded from the interplay f direct political interests". By building on this

Social Policy History Scavenger Hunt Assignment Essay

Social Policy History Scavenger Hunt Assignment - Essay Example Federal law is therefore binding on all states and is superior to state law. Historically all social policies directed towards marijuana have considered its essentially negative impact on the society. The legal history of marijuana shows that the drug has regularly been regulated by the government through different Acts. The role of government has been central in the implementation of laws pertaining to marijuana usage. On several occasions throughout history, regulations restricting marijuana usage have been relaxed and tightened. Since laws vary from state to state, laws pertaining to marijuana usage have also seen many inconsistencies. Despite federal law being superior to state laws and having made marijuana illegal, state laws continue to legalize marijuana usage. In such a case, there is increased confusion regarding what laws should be followed and how states can handle the issue. Federal law has been relatively more consistent with its stand on marijuana usage. However, state laws differ on their stand on marijuana usage. With Washington and Colorado having legalized medicinal and recreational use of marijuana within their states, many other states have been joining in. However, the vast majority of the states still continue to prohibit the use of marijuana. This is due to the social costs of marijuana legalization as a result of which social policy has historically shown great concern for marijuana legalization. The association of marijuana usage with other social vices such as crimes has led social policies to be focused more towards restricting marijuana usage. This stance is aligned with federal law which states that marijuana is illegal. The inconsistencies between state laws have also encouraged people to look for permanent answers in federalism (Reisert, 2015). The similarity between the marijuana legalization issue and social

Corrosion Inhibition of Metal Using Lawsonia Inermis Extract

Corrosion Inhibition of Metal Using Lawsonia Inermis Extract Introduction Metal and alloy are widely used in various fields of industries. It’s commonly used in big industries such as manufacturing, processing and others. But metal and alloy used tend to face the corroded state due to the exposure to different chemical and substances that can lead to the corrosion. This phenomenon has become important especially in acidic media because of the increased industrial applications of acid solutions. For examples in industrial refining crude oil, acid pickling, industrial cleaning, acid descaling, oil-well acid in oil recovery and the petrochemical processes. Corrosion happens when the equipment surface was attacked by a strong acid. So in order to prevent the corrosion happen, inhibitors have been used to reduce the rate of metal corrosion. Corrosion inhibitor is a chemical that can slow down the acid attacked which can lead to the corrosion on the drill pipe, tubing or any other metal that contacted with acid during treatment. This chemical when added even in small concentration on corrosive media, it will prevent the reaction between metal and media. Many studies have been carried out to find the suitable compound that can be used as inhibitors. These studies reported that, both synthetic compound and plant extract can be used as corrosion inhibitors. But, usage synthetic compound as inhibitor has been limited. Most of them are highly toxic to both human and environmental. Therefore, non-toxic and natural inhibitors such as plant extract have been used because of their environmentally acceptable, readily available and renewable source. One of the plant extract that have been used as inhibitor is Lawsonia inermis (henna leaves) extract. Henna is an herb which has dyeing properties used in Asia and North Africa. Inhibitive action of henna extract as a cheap, eco-friendly and naturally occurring inhibition on some metal such as aluminium, iron, zinc and nickel in acidic, neutral and alkaline solution has been investigated. Literature Review In order to avoid from use synthetic compound, there are other alternative compound which can be used as an inhibitor. Previous research has been carried out and proved that plant extract can be use in corrosion inhibition. Plant extract consists of chemical compositions lead to prevent metal from corroded. But Buchweishaija (2008) state that among of the plant extract, Lawsonia inermis (henna leaves) was the good one due to the high inhibition efficiency of henna leaves extract. Furthermore, the large amount of henna leaves exist which makes it easy to find it in the Asia and North Africa. Also the most important thing is the unique chemical composition present in Lawsonia inermis by functioning as an inhibitor.    Chemical Composition of Henna Leaves Research was carried out to determine the chemical composition contain in henna leaves that can act as corrosion inhibitor. It has been discovered that henna leaves contain soluble matter, Lawsone (2- Hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, C10H6O3), gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, C7H6O5) and dextrose (ÃŽ ±-D-Glucose, C6H12O6) (Ostovari et al., 2009). Henna leaves also contain other chemical such as resin, coumarins, sterols and tannin (Ostovari et al., 2009). The main components of henna extract are hydroxy aromatic compound like tannin and Lawsone. Tannin or also known as tannic acid present with a core glucose and methyl gallate groups (El-Etre et al., 2005). Tannin which acts as an inhibitor attributes the formation of a passivating layer of tannates on the metal surface (Boot Mercer, 1964). Besides, Lawsone also a main part of henna extract that had been mentioned earlier. The structure of Lawsone is shown in Figure 2.1 below. Figure 2.1: Lawsone structure (C10H6O3) (Hamdy Nour, 2012) The Figure 2.1 above shows that, Lawsone structure consists of benzene, p-benzoquinone and phenolic group (Abdolahi Shadizadeh, 2012). By looking at the structure in Lawsone, we can know that henna extract is an organic compound and the IUPAC name for the Lawsone structure is 2-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone (Rajedran et al., 2009). Lawsone molecule is a ligand that can chelate with various metal cations and then forming a complex compound. So it can perform corrosion inhibition on metal through absorption method (Ostovari et al., 2009). Mechanism of inhibition The mechanism of inhibition involves blocking metal surface by inhibiting through adsorption. Adsorption process is affected by nature of metal and chemical structure of the inhibitor (Ostovari et al., 2009). The obtain results from previous studies indicate that Lawsonia inermis extract achieve good inhibition for the corrosion of any metal such as C-steel, nickel, and zinc in various mediums of solution (El-Etre et al.,2005). To perform the inhibitory action, there are some components in henna extract which will act as inhibitors. As had been stated earlier, the main components of Lawsonia inermis extract are hydroxy aromatic compound which consists tannin and Lawsone (El-Etre et al., 2005). Both tannin and Lawsone have its own function and mechanism to perform the inhibition action between the metal and henna extract successfully. Tannin The first component is tannin. The inhibitive action of tannin was ascribed to the establishment of a passivating layer of tannates on the metal surface (Rajagopalan et al., 1969; Booth Mercer, 1964). The formation of complex compounds with different metal cations can be form by tannin component especially in the basic media. El-Etre et al. (2005) reported that the formation of tannin complexes may be working well for the inhibition in the alkaline media rather than acidic solution it because tannins are limited inhibition in acidic media. Thus, tannin component in Lawsonia inermis extract is suitable to use in the manufacture of anti-rusting paints and coating. Lawsone The other main element in the Lawsonia inermis extract is Lawsone which has higher concentration than other elements. Lawsone molecule is a ligand that can chelate with metal cations which will form complex compounds. Ligands typically consist in organic compound. Insoluble complex was formed when metal cations combine with Lawsone molecule and it was absorbed on the metal surface. This is how Lawsone compound give inhibition action to the metal. There is such method that can prove the formation of metal complex which the method is conductometric titration.                           Mechanism of Conductometric Titration Method Often, conductometric titration was conducted to obtain substantial support for the formation of metal complex (Amin, 2002). Several procedures were conducted to confirm the formation of metal complexes. Conductance measurement was carried out with a Jenway 4510 conductivity meter. Lawsonia inermis extract was titrated in separated experiments with some metal in solutions that have different pH value. As the result of the titration, non-complexes of metal ion was reacted with reagent first which leads it to a reduction in the conductivity of the solution. However, the higher amount of ligand (henna extract) does not change the value of conductivity (Ostovari et al., 2009). These results signify that the formation of metal-complex through the chelation of Lawsone molecules and the metal cations with stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 and 2:1 as shown in Figure 2.2. Figure 2.2: Forms of Metal-Lawsonia complexes (El-Etre et al., 2005) So, it can be conclude that the inhibition action of Lawsone was happen and prove that henna leaves extract can act as inhibitor (Abdolahi Shadizadeh, 2012).                  Mechanism of Lawsone Rearrangement In the acidic solution or known as acidic media, aromatic compound whose structure include a cyclic delocalized Ï€-electron system are susceptible to electron delocalization, especially a ring containing only carbon such as benzene (Lide, 2006). Delocalization of Ï€-electron is to stabilize the molecule. As the bond angles of carbon in benzene are trigonal (sp2), then the ring become flat. So these angles just fit the 120o angles of a regular hexagon and this flatness allow the overlap of the p-orbitals in both directions that lead the delocalization and stabilization (Marrison Boyd, 1983). So that’s why it needs delocalization to stabilize the structure. In the other situation of Lawsone molecule in acidic media, delocalization of the lone pair of electrons on hydroxyl group takes place resulting in the rearrangement as shown in Figure 2.3. Figure 2.3: Process of electron delocalization on the Lawsone molecule (Ostovari et al., 2009) The migration of the hydrogen atom with a pair of electrons from an adjacent carbon to the carbon bearing caused the rearrangement occur. Carbon that loses the migrating group obtained the positive charge. This is the most common kind of the rearrangement which known as 1,2- rearrangement. Then, with the existence of metal cations, it will enhance the complex formation of reaction (Ostovari et al., 2009). Then the complex formation reaction of rearrangement was enhanced by adding henna extract in solution. So, the metal complexes are stabilized. The formation of these stabilized complexes between Lawsone molecule and metal cations give the high inhibition efficiencies in acidic media. Besides, Mikhael et al (2004) reported that henna constituent has antioxidant characteristic particularly by the naphthoquinones. It also state that, gallic acid also can be used as an oxygen scavenger in boiler system (Soderquist, 1990). Therefore, the oxygen scavenger characteristic of henna extract was attributed to another mechanism for inhibition. However in the acidic media, the main cathodic reaction at the surface is a hydrogen evaluation (Ait Chikh et al., 2005). Hence, the oxygen scavenging characteristic of henna is not the main responsible mechanism for the observed inhibition of henna extract. In addition, it is confirmed that the inhibition mechanism is the chemisorption of inhibitor molecule on the metal surface and it had been verified through thermodynamic parameter and conductometric titration. So as a conclusion, the main inhibitor mechanism chemisorption is through the chemisorption of inhibitor molecules on metal surface. While, the inhibitive action slightly enh anced through oxygen scavenging. (Ostovori et al, 2009). Comparison Henna Extract with Other Inhibition There is another organic compound that can be used as inhibitor besides henna extract. Previous studies has been conducted to test the inhibition efficiency of henna and five other organic compound inhibitor used in acidizing treatment. Table 2.1 show the result of inhibition efficiency of these six inhibitors. Table 2.1: Inhibition efficiency of MEA, DEA, TEA, and henna API steel (Abdollahi Shadizade, 2012) Refer to the Table 2.1 above; the inhibition efficiency was compared between Monoethanolamine (MEA), Diethanolamines (DEA), Triethanolamines (TEA), Dibenzylidene acetone (DBA), Di-N-dimethylaminobenzylidene acetone (DDABA) and henna. The inhibition efficiency of MEA, DEA, TEA and henna at temperature 28oC are 82%, 80%, 78% and 85.98% respectively. Based on the result, it shows that henna has the higher inhibition efficiency than MEA, DEA and TEA. Morever as shown in Table 2.1, the inhibition efficiency of henna extract at 28oC is higher than inhibition efficiency of DDABA with 73.8% IE. Furthermore result also shown that inhibition concentration of henna extract is less than all inhibitors with the same temperature eventhough it have higher inhibition efficiency. So we can conclude that, with the small concentration of henna leaves extract, it can act as inhibitor with higher inhibition efficiency rather than other listed inhibitors which have larger concentration but average of inhibition efficiency is low than henna extract. In addition, research still focused to the amount of henna leaves extract in order to apply it in industries as now the amount of henna is quiet small to apply it. So, the experimental must be conducted by using larger amount of henna leaves and various metals Problem Statement Nowadays, metal and alloy are widely used in various industries especially in manufacturing and processing. But the problem is the metals used tend to faced corrosive when the surface of equipment attacked by strong acid media or any other media. But mostly, acidic media are the main causes for corrosive to happen due to the increasing of industrial application an acid solution. So in order to prevent from corrosion of metal, inhibitor has been used. However the use of synthetic compound as inhibitor is extremely dangerous either to the body and the environment due to the toxicity. Thus, studies are conducted to find the non-toxic and natural inhibitors. The study shows that plant extract can be used as corrosion inhibitor. One of them is henna leaves extract. Besides being environmentally acceptable and readily available, henna leaves extract also cheap as it’s easy to find in Asia and North Africa and renewable sources. Objectives There are few objectives that has been studies in order to solve corrosion phenomenon and carried out the research on corrosion inhibitor of metal by using Lawsonia inermis extract. The objectives are: Study of corrosion inhibition of metal by using henna leaves extract. Analysis mechanism of inhibition towards metal. Investigate the differences between henna leaves extract with other inhibitor.

The Death Penalty: In The Name Of Justice? :: essays research papers

The state murdering people because of their crimes simply does not equate to justice. It is real easy to hear about how the government is doing this wrong or that, but the death penalty is abounded with so many injustices and faults that it’s an embarrassment to our entire due process of law. Supporters of capital punishment subscribe to religious and ethical points of view rather than facts, and when they do offer facts it’s always the same argument: â€Å"It’s a deterrent.† The death penalty is extreamly flawed, most notably it comes with a very high price tag to an already under-funded correctional institution in America; no stable argument has been installed to warrant it as a deterrent; and the moral decay it establishes creates among other things a feeling of revenge and spite within society. Many people for and against the death penalty are under the proposed belief that capital punishment is a deterrent for crime. No study can offer a clear explanation of this theory. Almost a dozen states don’t offer a death penalty, and a dozen more haven’t executed in over fifty years that have one. Are their first and second-degree murder rates head and shoulders above the other states? Of course not. Some of these states include large metropolis’ such as Minnesota’s twin cites. Detroit has a high crime rate (in actual number not on a per capita basis) in Michigan, which doesn’t offer a death penalty, but Birmingham has one of the highest crime rates per capita in the nation. What has Alabama’s electric chair not done in Birmingham that life in prison has done in St. Paul? Deter crime, particularly murder. Studies have shown that, all evidence in view, long prison terms punish just as effectively as capital sentences. The flaws of capital punishment become too many shortly after they total one. This is because of the focus of the death penalty that being human life. Innocent people being sent to death or being released within weeks of execution are becoming frequent stories on the nightly news. The legal system is disturbingly unable to correctly administer the death penalty. Every day individuals who can’t afford a lawyer have to have one appointed to them under the constitution. Almost thirty percent of Americans can’t afford health care, how are they supposed to afford a lawyer? These lawyers, who are on average paid 5 dollars an hour, have little to no incentive to gather all the precious materials to adequately support the accused.

How Did Alexander Iii Reverse the Reforms of Alexander Ii?

Improvements in green To what extent did Alexander III reverse the reforms of his predecessor Alexander II? In many respects, there is no doubt that Alexander III was the most effective Tsar in such the short reign that he had. He was referred to as a reactionary, unlike his father Alexander II who was known as a reformer. He managed to please the people with his Russian figure and attitude, he changed their attitude and he made tsarism look all the better, all in a short period of time.Despite their different policies, they had the same goals/ambitions inside their head in the long run, and that was to strengthen Autocracy in the Russian empire but Alexander III did this by reversing what his father had done as he felt he knew better ways of dealing with the situation and strengthening the Tsarist position. The first thing that Alexander III did when he came into power to contradict his fathers reforms was to recall the decision of creating the constitution.Alexander III was a firm believer of the absolute power and judgment that autocracy and Russian history owned, he felt that Russia should stick to their traditional rules and the way things were run. Alexander put thins in to change this but Alexander III would not allow this and so reversed some of what he had done to make sure the Russian tradition stayed in place. He felt that a democratic Parliament was such a western way to think, NOT Russian. He preferred the principles of personal rule and he was so firm on this, he distrusted the bureaucracy.This lead to him wanting to be around conservative ministers such a Pobodenostev because he knew that if he was surrounded by the right people with the same mind has him, they too would want to reverse the reforms of Alexander II unlike the ones that he usually were with which was a mix of conservative and Liberal ministers that were influencing the changes in the first place. For many the many years that Alexander II tried to boost the tolerance of other religi ons, Alexander III abolished this straight away by demanding that Orthodox was the correct and Russian way to be thinking.This was probably due to the really strict views that his top advisor, Pobedonostev had. Pobedonostev managed to get all the primary schools under church rule and he also made sure that peasants and workers children would not be allowed into secondary school. This was to prevent any people knowing too much and finding out that maybe they way they are being governed isn’t the right way to go about. This totally goes against the Elementary School Statute of 1864 and it meant that the local zemstva weren’t in charge of funding them anymore as they were on the brink of knowing too much.Talking about education, Alexander III and Pobedonostev went against the 1863 University Statute that Alexander II welcomed which allowed universities to govern themselves and have their own sense of governing for the faculty and students. This is because conservative min isters that were around the Tsar felt that giving the people too much education was very dangerous as they’d learn to fight for themselves and find out about things that they probably would prefer they didn’t. This was reversed because Alexander III felt that Alexander II only did this to please the people and Liberal ministers that were influencing him.In 1870 zemstva reform was introduced for the people. This was for the people and they were allowed to be in control of education and road building in their local areas. This idea became very successful and even with the little power it had, it spread amongst much of Russia. This meant that it was a wider spread issue for Alexander III to deal with. Alexander III didn’t like this because he knew that the zemvsta were education people rather generously and this was dangerous as be believe that there should be the lower class of people so Tsarism could swarm and reign effectively.The Tsar couldn’t reign prop erly though with them in play because they were there for the local people and so the local people would only deal with the Zemstva and not higher up figures. When he came into power (Probably also with the help and guidance of Pobedonostev) he got rid of and restricted a lot of power that the zemstva had. He kept them so it made the people think that they had some form of power and influence but they didn’t really have that influence they thought they had. He knew that this was kind of working because the people didn’t coplain as much, they knew that they had the pportunity to do something about it and so decided that they were happy with what they had as it was a giant leap up from nothing anyway. He made Land Captains (as they were known) the most important members of each zemstva area and these people had the most power and say as they reported directly to the minister of the interior. They made sure that nothing went over the top or in any way threatened the Tsar. This is proof that the Zemstva lost power to what Alexander II had gave them so that the Tsar was stronger all due to Alexander III reversing the reform, to a reasonable extent.In 1870, Alexander made the reform of having trials that weren’t that bias and allowed Trail by Jury. This made the system fairer and meant that the people wouldn’t complain as much because the jurys consisted or your ‘ordinary’’ Russians. This meant that every trial was fair and easier to make a judgment on because you didn’t have conservative people making the judgment or people that were bias towards the tsar. This was to please the people however Alexander II didn’t realise that this was dangerous because he had put the public in the position yet the public don’t actually like the Tsar.Alexander III realised this because he spotted a case that was clearly one sided as the ‘ordinary Russians’ didn’t like the Tsarist reign much and so in a case where a radical extremist, Vera Zasulich was being trialed for shooting a police chief, was excused. To prevent any more ‘wrong’ verdicts from 1890 the government exercised the right to choose juries. Then there was the Statute of State Security in which courts had the right to detain and try political opposition members without the use of a jury as sympathy would be in play and this wasn’t the Tsarist way of dealing with things.Alexander III reversed the whole way that the court and opposition was dealt with and make it completely different to what Alexander II did. Alexander III didn’t reverse everything that his father put in place, infact, some things he rather embraced. He love how his father brought in the The Universal Military Training act of 1874. He felt that a strong military was a really good way of dealing with problems in Russia. It made them look really strong and an empire that shouldn’t be looked lightly upon and weak. This was a crutial re enforced reform because the Russian people and army ad lost moral due to the loss of the Crimean war to the British. They knew that they were such a large country yet they failed to win a war that was theirs for the taking. It was humiliating to them. He also didn’t reverse the reforms of Alexander II Russification programme. He felt that Russification was a really good way to be able to make the whole of the Russian empire, RUSSIAN in full. Have the same attitudes and everything. But one thing that he added was the Jewish Programmes. He made sure that the population was educated into believing that Jews were wrong and shouldn’t play a part in Russian society as they only caused problems.This made the whole picture of Russia much stronger for Alexander III and this is due to the re enforcement of Russification so in this case, he did not reverse the reform atall. Overall, I think that Alexander III did reverse many things that his father did becau se he felt he could make a stronger Russia based upon tradition and brute Russian attitude. I think however that due to him being so un prepared for such a powerful role in such a difficult time was the reason to why he made such irrational decisions.

Latin American Music And Latin America Essay - 1926 Words

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