Tuesday, October 15, 2019
6 Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
6 Discussion - Essay Example This goes hand-in-hand with egoism, as the person is only doing something to fully benefit themselves without taking others into concern. Some of the objections to psychological egoism include the fact that some people do act in genuine altruistic ways; there are some cases where people do not have the time to decide who is going to benefit from their actions, they just care about following through with those actions; egoism and altruism are capable of connecting with each other, making in nearly impossible to decide if something was done egoistically or altruistically. Not everyone does something solely to benefit themselves; many of them do act on the best interests of others. Psychological egoism states that people act on for themselves. The majority of people are not that selfish and self-centered, many of them will act in ways that positively affect others without thinking of themselves once. The concept of psychological egoism points to humanity being callous and insensitive to the needs of others, that they could never act to benefit someone other than themselves. This assumption is incorrect - there are numerous people willing to do something for others without being benefited themselves. There are many situations that a person can find themselves in that do not allow them time to think about who they are doing something for, least of all themselves. Some people act on impulse, doing what feels right at the time, or doing what needs to be done, only thinking about the benefits and consequences after the matter. This goes against the fact that psychological egoism attempts to prove that people only think of themselves when acting in any such way. However, there are people who simply find that they do not have the time to fully consider the situation - their main concern is seeing the act through to the end. This often happens during emergencies, such as if a person were to run into oncoming traffic to rescue a
Monday, October 14, 2019
Modified food Essay Example for Free
Modified food Essay â€Å"Genetically Engineered foods, also known as GM and GMO’s is the manipulation of DNA by humans to change the essential makeup of plants and animals. The technology inserts genetic material from one species into another to give it a new quality, such as the ability to produce a pesticide, or to include genetic material from Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt); a natural bacterium found in soil. †Mather R. â€Å"The Threat From Genetically Modified Foods. †Mother Earth News. April 2012. Web. 2 April 2013. Scientists have been undergoing experimentation of this method for over forty years, in hopes of perfecting GM’s which they foresee will positively enhance the overall well being of humanity nutritionally and environmentally. Jason McLure. â€Å"Genetically Modified Food. †CQ Researcher Plus Archive; August 31, 2012, Vol. 22 Issue 30 p1-35, p35 â€Å"Two techniques dominate the the GM farming industry: Some crops have been modified to be able to survive the weed- killer glyphosate, commonly sold under Monsanto’s Roundup brand. Roundup Ready crops purpose is objection is to decrease the need to till before planting, saving farmers time and money and reducing erosion and loss of soil moisture. Gylphosate is among the least toxic herbicides that can kill a broad spectrum of weeds, and thus is suppose to be safer for farmworkers and less environmentally damaging. The second technique is the introduction of genes from the soil bacterium Bacillis thurengiensis (Bt) produces a substance toxic to many pests but harmless to humans, wildlife and most beneficial insects, such as bees. While Bt has long been used by organic farmers, scientists have produced GM crops that manufacture their own Bt in the part of the plant susceptible to attack from pests- such as corn-plant roots prone to root- worm attack. †Jason McLure. â€Å"Genetically Modified Food. †CQ Researcher Plus Archive; August 31, 2012, Vol. 22 Issue 30 p1-35, p35 What was once fairly quiet contention over the controversy of whether genetically engineered foods were safe or beneficial for human consumption and environmental preservation, has now spiraled into a social and political frenzy. People are now starting to demand for a food democracy. Currently, consistent negative findings of toxins, endangerment to human consumption, and environmental hazards have substantiated involving GMO’s; overturning the initial positive scientific and GM biotech producers projections. Government, FDA, GMO and GMO seed monopolizing company Monsanto have been accused of collaborating in order to keep GMO’s understudied, in consumer markets, and unlabeled. GM manufactures claim that GM’s are for the greater good of the world, stating that GM can end world hunger, stop climate change, reduce pesticide use, and increase crop yields. Smtih Jeffrey. â€Å"Not In My Fridge. †Ecologist; November 2007, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p27-31, 5p If such a feat had been achieved, people would be rejoicing, but evidence has proven contrary. The main controversial arguments are; GM has not improved world hunger, GM has actually increased climate change, GM has doubled pesticide usage and now pest insects have developed an immunity to the pesticides, and GM has decreased crop yields. Smtih Jeffrey. â€Å"Not In My Fridge. †Ecologist; November 2007, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p27-31, 5p GM is dangerous for human and animal consumption, and is an overall risk to our health and environment. â€Å"Lab animals forced to eat GM foods showed damage to virtually every system studied. They had stunted growth, bleeding stomachs, abnormal and potentially pre- cancerous cell growth in the intestines, impaired blood cell development, misshapen cell structures in the liver, pancreas and testicles, altered gene expression and ceil metabolism, liver and kidney lesions, partially atrophied livers, inflamed kidneys, less developed brains and testicles, enlarged livers, pancreases and intestines, reduced digestive enzymes, higher blood sugar levels, increased death rates, higher offspring mortality and immune system dysfunction. †Smtih Jeffrey. â€Å"Not In My Fridge. †Ecologist; November 2007, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p27-31, 5p â€Å"Two dozen farmers reported that the GM corn varieties caused thousand of pigs to become sterile. Some also reported sterility among cows and bulls. German farmers link cow deaths to one variety of GM corn, while Filipinos link another variety to death among water buffaloes, chickens and horses. When 71 Indian shepherds let their sheep grace on Bt cotton plants after harvest, within 5 to 7 days 25 percent had died. The 2006 death rate for the region is estimated at 10,000 sheep. Since then more deaths were identified and toxins were also found in Bt cotton fields, investigators concluded that evidence strongly suggests the sheep death was caused by toxins, most probably Bt- toxin. †Smtih Jeffrey. â€Å"Not In My Fridge. †Ecologist; November 2007, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p27-31, 5p â€Å"Three French scientists analyzed the raw data from three 2009 Monsanto studies on rats and found that three GM corn varieties caused liver and kidney toxicity and other kinds of organ damage. †Mather R. â€Å"The Threat From Genetically Modified Foods. †Mother Earth News. April 2012. Web. 2 April 2013. â€Å"Organic farmers fear that their non- GM crops could become contaminated by the spread of genetically modified traits by wind and insect cross-pollination. Once those traits are in the agricultural gene pool, there’s no way to remove it. This is pollination with a life of its own, it spreads forever. †Jason McLure. â€Å"Genetically Modified Food. †CQ Researcher Plus Archive; August 31, 2012, Vol. 22 Issue 30 p1-35, p35. â€Å"Another environmental concern is Roundup ends up in wetlands because of runoff and inadvertent spraying, and Roundup damages soil,†according to Rick Relyea, University of Pittsburgh assistant Professor. Two Purdue scientists, Professor Emeritus Don Huber and G. s. Johal, said in a paper published in 2009 that the widespread use of glyphosate can significantly increase the severity of various plant diseases, impair plant defenses to pathogens and disease, and immobilize soil and plant nutrients, rendering them unavailable for plant use. The pair warn that â€Å"ignoring potential non- target side effects may have dire consequences for agriculture such as rendering the soil infertile, crops nonproductive and plants less nutritious. †Mather R. â€Å"The Threat From Genetically Modified Foods. †Mother Earth News. April 2012. Web. 2 April 2013. â€Å"In 1992, the first Bush Administration sped up the GM process hoping it would increase exports and US dominance of food markets. The opposite ensued and the US government spent up to 5-billion-taxpayer-dollars a year in subsidies to prop up prices on the GM crop that many countries at the time rejected to adopt. Following other countries refusal of GM, the US government went on to try and force other countries to accept GM, â€Å"resorting to World Trade Organization Lawsuits against the European Union, GM food aid for famine- stricken nations, even threats to withdraw funds for AIDS relief if GMO’s weren’t adopted by African nations. †Smtih Jeffrey. â€Å"Not In My Fridge. †Ecologist; November 2007, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p27-31, 5p â€Å"Monsanto and a few chemi- biotech companies ultimately control GMO’s and GMO seed supply. Funding for university level research is often funded or controlled by the agrochemical companies. Biotech companies deny access to their patent-protected GM technology. †Jason McLure. â€Å"Genetically Modified Food. †CQ Researcher Plus Archive; August 31, 2012, Vol. 22 Issue 30 p1-35, p35 â€Å"The FDA does not conduct independent testing for human or animal safety and relies strictly on the research conducted by the manufacturers of the products. While the main GMO producer, Monsanto, makes it impossible for independent scientists to study GM seeds. The biotech industry has convinced the FDA that GM crops are not substantially different from conventional varieties. †Mather R. â€Å"The Threat From Genetically Modified Foods. †Mother Earth News. April 2012. Web. 2 April 2013. â€Å" As the system now stands, biotech companies bring their own research to the government body overseeing their products. Multibillion- dollar company corporations, including Monsanto and Syngenta, have restricted independent research on their genetically- engineered crops, they have refused to provide independent scientists with seeds, or they’ve set restrictive conditions that severely limit research options,†wrote Doug Gurian- Sherman of the Union of Concerned Scientists. †Mather R. â€Å"The Threat From Genetically Modified Foods. †Mother Earth News. April 2012. Web. 2 April 2013. â€Å"If GMO’s fail, shareholders in Monsanto, Bayer, Syngenta and other companies will see their investments plummet. According to Yahoo! Finance, more than 80 percent of Monsanto’s stock is held by institutional holders such a Vanguard and funds such as Davis, Fidelity and T Rowe Price. †Mather R. â€Å"The Threat From Genetically Modified Foods. †Mother Earth News. April 2012. Web. 2 April 2013. â€Å"FDA officials have openly criticized efforts to label GM crops and food. In 2002, when Oregon voters considered measure 27, with contributions totaling $1,480,000. Next was Dupont, with $634,000,†said Cameron Woodworth in Biotech Family Secrets, a report for the Council for Responsible Genetics. Biotech companies Syngenta, Dow AgroSciences, BASF and Bayer Crop Science, plus Grocery Manufacturers of America ( a trade organization), PepsiCo, General Mills and Nesde USA contributed $900,000, wrote Woodworth. †Mather R. â€Å"The Threat From Genetically Modified Foods. †Mother Earth News. April 2012. Web. 2 April 2013. â€Å"Labeling advocates, along with 40 other countries, including all of Europe, Japan, and China want any GM food to be labeled. †Jason McLure. â€Å"Genetically Modified Food. †CQ Researcher Plus Archive; August 31, 2012, Vol. 22 Issue 30 p1-35, p35 â€Å"Biotech companies claim that if GM products were labeled it would deter consumer spending, for by labeling GMO’s consumers would deem such products defective. Other high-ranking government officials have lobbied against labeling, stating, â€Å"If you label something there’s an implication there’s something wrong with it,†said Jose Fernandez, the U. S. State Department’s assistant secretary for economic, energy and business affairs. †Mather R. â€Å"The Threat From Genetically Modified Foods. †Mother Earth News. April 2012. Web. 2 April 2013. In March 2013, President Obama signed a rider which temporarily â€Å"requires the Agriculture Department to approve the growing, harvesting and selling of such crops, even if the courts rule environmental studies are incomplete†. http://www. foxnews. com/politics/2013/03/30/obama-signs-bill-that-protects-makers-genetically-engineered-crops-from-federal/. Which â€Å"prohibits the Department of Agriculture from stopping production of any genetically engineered crop once it’s in the ground, even if there is evidence that it is harmful†. http://opinionator. blogs. nytimes. com/2013/04/02/why-do-g-m-o-s-need-protection/ â€Å"The use of GM crops has become widespread among U. S growers of commodities, or big crops sold on future exchanges. Eighty- eight percent of corn and 94 percent of cotton, came from GM strains in 2012. Because corn and soy are ubiquitous in processed food in the U. S. , from corn- syrup- sweetened Coca- Cola to crackers made with soybean oil, its likely that most Americans consume a product containing a genetically modified ingredient everyday. †Jason McLure. â€Å"Genetically Modified Food. †CQ Researcher Plus Archive; August 31, 2012, Vol. 22 Issue 30 p1-35, p35 People should have the right and the choice to know exactly what they are ingesting and serving to their children and loved ones. â€Å"Just label it. â€
Sunday, October 13, 2019
affirmative action Essay -- essays research papers
Affirmative Action Affirmative Action, policies used in the United States to increase opportunities for minorities by favoring them in hiring and promotion, college admissions, and the awarding of government contracts. Depending upon the situation, â€Å"minorities†might include any underrepresented group, especially one defined by race, ethnicity, or gender. Generally, affirmative action has been undertaken by governments, businesses, or educational institutions to remedy the effects of past discrimination against a group, whether by a specific entity, such as a corporation, or by society as a whole. According to the Merriam-Webster New World Dictionary, Affirmative Action is defined as an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups or women. To put that definition in English, it means a program designed to help either minorities or women achieve equal rights, as with the rest of the population. In this case, the minorities are being discussed, or to be less broad, the African Americans. â€Å"I have a dream today.†This is a famous quote by one of histories most famous and influential civil rights activists of all time, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Being a civil rights activist, Dr. King wanted nothing more than for his people, the African Americans, to have equality. In the effort to gain equality, there were four steps he took. The first step was the collection of facts. In other words, this meant that they would identify t...
Saturday, October 12, 2019
A Character Analysis of Pearl in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Lett
A Character Analysis of Pearl in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter Word Count Includes Outline at the End of the Paper The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a book of much symbolism. One of the most complex and misunderstood symbols in the book is Pearl, the illegitimate daughter of Hester Prynne and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Throughout the novel Pearl develops into a dynamic symbol; one that is always changing. In the following essay, I will explore Hawthorne's symbolism of Pearl from birth, age three, and age seven. Also, I will attempt to disprove the notion that Pearl is branded with a metaphorical scarlet letter "A" representing amorality; instead she represents the immorality of her mother's adultery. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne, for her sins, received a scarlet letter "A" which she had to wear upon the "breast of her gown"(Hawthorne 39). It was the Puritan way of treating her as a criminal for the crime of adultery. The Puritan treatment of Hester did not stop simply with the assignment of the letter. As she walked through the streets, she was looked down upon as if she were some sort of evil spirit among them, being punished for some ghastly crime. This gave Hester much mental anguish and grief. On the other hand, God's treatment of Hester for her sin was quite different than the scarlet letter. He gave Hester the punishment of rearing a very unique child whom she named Pearl. "But she named the infant "Pearl," as being of great price, --purchased with all she had, --her mother's only treasure!"(Hawthorne, 62). Hester named her daughter Pearl because she had to give up everything, including freedom, for her. This punishment handed down from God was a constant mental and physical reminder to Hester of what she had done wrong. There was no escaping it. In this aspect, Pearl symbolized God's way of punishing Hester for the sin of adultery. Even when she was just a baby, "her infant's eyes had been caught by the glimmering of the gold embroidery about the letter" (Hawthorne 67). From birth, Pearl seemed to be attracted to the scarlet letter "A" that clung to her mother's chest. In one specific incident when Pearl was a baby she reached up smiling to touch the scarlet letter on Hester's dress as she stooped over her cradle. This gesture by the baby mortified Hester because of Pearl's innocent recognition of the underl... ...final note, Pearl was more than her mother's only treasure or sometimes headache; she was her mother's only source of survival. Thesis: In the following essay, I will explore Hawthorne's symbolism of Pearl from birth, age three, and age seven. I.     Describe the basic foundation for the novel      A. Hester received the scarlet letter      B. Punishment by the Puritans      C. Punishment by God II.     Pearl at birth      A. Pearl's attraction to the letter      B. Hester's shame of the letter      C. Hester's realization of Pearl's odd expression III.     Pearl at age three      A. Same attraction to the letter      B. Pearl associated the letter with a game      C. Reappearance of Pearl's odd expression IV.     Pearl at age seven      A. Bolder acts towards the letter      B. Pearl's association of Dimmesdale with the letter      C. Pearl's association with the letter V.     Conclusion      A. Pearl's sources of symbolism      B. Pearl as the scarlet letter      C. Pearl as her mother's source of survival Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel., et al., eds. The Scarlet Letter. 3rd ed. New York: Norton, 1988.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Office Management Essay
In the present, technology has already advanced so much that it has affected in significant level almost all of aspect of life of the society. Humanity’s lifestyles, works and basic responsibilities are now made easier and as efficient as possible including the field of professional dentistry. In this aspect, integration of the modern technology to the systematic processes in the office dentistry has optimized its production and improved the quality of its services in a significant level raising the standards in this field higher. Application of technology in the office dentistry has been determined to affect several tasks and processes in the said field in a positive manner. One is that it helps to promote the diagnostic communication between the practitioner and the patient through the advancements such as digital imagery and X-rays. With the aid of technology, dentist can now elaborate the situation of their patient through visual tools. Another is that technology widens the available services of each dentist practitioner by innovating several machines that are capable of the complicated tasks in the dentistry field. Also, technological application is known also to reduce the tiresome works in the dentist office such as the accounting responsibility with the aid of programs and softwares that can efficient handle the said tasks. In addition, the tasks of practice management is also optimized by technology as it promotes several aspects such as the communication between concerned parties, organization of paper works and files, and aid the plan of the financial matters of the office. Indeed, technology can significant boosts the service quality and efficiency of the dentistry office. Also, it can reduce the stress and tiresome tasks that the practitioner must handle allocating more time for the professional to invest in his or her field of expertise. However, in the course of integrating technological advancement in the office management and process, involved individual must plan two important aspects to maximize the effectivity of the said approach. First is that the financial investment must be thoroughly planned for the complete application. Second, the future budget allocation must also be considered for the upgrades and updates of the technology integrated in the dentistry office. With these factors completely addressed, the office can now integrate modern technology to its system to optimized their service quality for their patients.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Puritan Society in Winthrops
In his work â€Å"Remembering John Winthrop- Hawthorne’s Suggestion†Matthew Holland calls John Winthrop powerful but unclear, well-liked and despised, completely unwanted by some while other energetically fight traditionalists to make him an image of ideal. The author finds very strange the fact that being a critic of Puritanism, Nathaniel Hawthorn turns our attentions to Winthrop’s ideas of charity (Holland 1). According to Holland, The Scarlet Letter testifies that Hawthorne was not at the Puritans’ side and did not consider their values to be right.Since Winthrop is primarily connected with the origin and propagation of Puritan ideas, it is not possible that Hawthorne could not consider him to be deserved an honor. Notwithstanding that Winthrop’s own use of ideology of Christian love can influence Hawthorne’s attitude positively, this can’t overshadow the excessively cruel social arrangement Winthrop created (Holland 12). Holland s tates that Hawthorne simply considered Winthrop to be a normally righteous exclusion to a Puritanism that generates just wickedness and tyranny.However, Hawthorne noted that Winthrop was an outstanding person way, a leader of his age, elected by his contemporaries and reelected for several times. Trepanier, Lee. â€Å"The need for Renewal: Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Conservatism. †Modern Age, Fall 2003, Vol. 45. Academic Search Elite. EBSCOhost. 1 March 2007. In â€Å"The need for Renewal: Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Conservatism†Lee Trepanier describes Hawthorne's attempts to renovate the Puritan heritage by means of art (Trepanier 200) .The author tries to explain to us the final breakdown of Hawthorne's artistic and sacred views and tries to find out how actual breakdown influenced our evaluation of Puritan heritage. According to Lee Trepanier, The Scarlet Letter is usually understood as a story of morality, where the traditions of Puritanism and defenselessnes s of people are perfectly represented. However, the author explains the way how to fight with defenselessness stating â€Å"life is strictly a function of ‘mechanism; and that having knowledge of the mechanism is to have power over life itself†(317).Michaelsen, Scott. â€Å"John Winthrop's ‘Modell’ Covenant and the Company Way. †Early American Literature, 1992: 85-100 Scott Michaelsen reminds the reader that straight after their coming to the New England to create a new civilization founded on the Calvinism, Puritans were perceived as cultured, hard-working and established. Today their influence is the New England are to coming to naught, it is heritage still is felt in the society (Michaelsen 10). The author told us that American leaders of the past century cite John Winthrop.However, they sometimes overlook his anti- sovereign political theory. Michaelsen explains, that Winthrop’s creations – and A Model of Christian Charity is one of them – were not well-liked by his contemporaries, due to the reason that the he did not create any new values of Puritanism and simply talked about the ideas developed by someone else earlier (Michaelsen 60). Winthrop stated that real pure feeling was present only before the sin of Adam and Eve, while the modern imperfect society needs charity preservation.According to him, such qualities as forgiveness and fairness play more important role than love in our society today. However, the author argues that people must know their obligations and be merciless to one another (Michaelsen 91). People are commonly upset because of the severity of Winthrop's viewpoint. This state is generated by reading some literature of Winthrop's supposition connected with the power of patriarchy and the live of women in the Puritan society.It is essential to note how our modern ideas about what is right and wrong can occasionally differ from those in the society Winthrop lived in. Schweitzer, Iv y. John Winthrop's Model of American Affiliation. Early American Literature, 2005: 441-69 In his article the Schweitzer provides the John Winthrop’s work and values evaluation. According to the author of the article Ivy Schweitzer lately, researchers started to investigate the Age of Reason’s veneration of and devotion to composed motivation, and to discuss the ‘‘emotional history of the United States’’ (441).Schweister states that In his study of early American influence, the author Peter Coviello says that the population appears under the influence the oratory of its main leaders through the tactical expression of powerful feelings of failure and parting that make a very contrasting and extensively alienated colonial population to unite (Schweitzer 442). According to Schweister, this not just paves the way and creates the political establishment of the new nationality however it develops the ability for emotional reaction as a precondition f or â€Å"virtuous republican citizenship†(441).
ABC Wholesalers Ltd Essay
You are nearing completion of the 31 December 2015 audit of ABC Wholesalers Ltd. The figures below have been extracted from the final draft financial report. During you review of the audit files, you note the following items recorded on the summary of audit differences. 1. ABC Wholesalers has been involved in a long-running dispute with the taxation authorities in relation to the amount of sales tax payable on certain lines of merchandise. The case was resolved this year in favour of the taxation authorities. The court ruled that ABC Wholesalers, as well as paying the outstanding taxes, must pay a non-tax-deductible fine of $420,000. 2. Sales cut-off at one of ABC Wholesaler’s stores was incorrect, resulting in a large sale of inventory made early in January 2015 being recorded in the 31 December 2014 year-end. The cost price of the inventory sold was $250,000. ABC Wholesalers marks up inventory by 40%. 3. Purchases cut-off at the same store was also incorrect, resulting in a large purchase of inventory made in late December not being recorded until January 2015. The invoice price of the inventory purchased was %5,950,000. You also note that the planning materiality level was set by the audit manager at $200,000. Question: a) Consider items 1-3 independently. State whether the amounts involved would be considered material for the purpose of issuing an auditor’s report. Give reasons. b) Explain the relevance, if any, of the planning materiality level to your decisions in a).
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